clubland gusta: June 2012

Saturday, June 30, 2012

To Champion The Cause Of The Local Church

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Source: http://www.hillsongcollected.com/%3Ca%20href=%22/leadership/to-champion-the-cause-of-the-local-church%22%3Eview%3C/a%3E

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Earn Money With A Social Networking Script And Video Marketing ...

Jun 30 2012

Social networking sites are big business so imagine the money you could earn if you had your own social network site which you can also use for video marketing. To create your own site you could use a script designed for social networking sites like Phpfox. Let?s take a closer look at how you can benefit from Phpfox.

Phpfox is undoubtedly an incredible social network script which will allow any site owner to make their own social networking site in any niche they want. There are new social networking sites coming up all over the internet due to the great popularity of websites like Facebook and Twitter. The income potential to having your own social network site is extremely high so now a lot of webmasters are making their very own sites.

Consider the advantages which come with having your very own social networking website: You do not have to continuously add fresh content to your website because it?s continuously being added by your members; As your members invite colleagues and friends to sign up, they?re promoting your own website for you; When newbies complete their profiles they?re providing you all your marketing research as well as market details.

Using the Phpfox script you can make your own social networking site with all of the essential functions a whole bunch more. Of course when studying the various scripts available you need to read reviews from various other website owners, programmers as well as developers so that you can learn from other people whether the script provides you with the things you are searching for.

The Phpfox also offers a forum of members who are also utilizing the scripts so you can get a lot of insight when needed. With scripts and creating websites like social networking sites, a member?s forum can be very helpful. With forums like this it?s easy to find information and facts you simply don?t get anywhere else and even any changes or tips that can help you to utilize the script better and get the most from it.

A lot of social network scripts can be hard to install and implement the numerous options but the phpfox script is among the simplest scripts available. The installation process is conducted in three basic steps which are fairly easy. 1. Make a database; 2. Add the script files then chmod them depending on the directories; 3. Go to the installation page and type in your details.

The information required is the database name, your username and your password. That is it, you then just run it and the installation file does the rest. If you are not comfortable installing the script yourself you can have the Phpfox Company install it for you for a small fee. When the script is installed you can then log yourself into the admin area and choose the template you want for your social networking website. There are a number of templates to choose from with the phpfox script.

If you?re considering making your own social networking website for video marketing then Phpfox is unquestionably one of the top scripts to do it with. However you need to explore all of your options and select which is most effective for you.

Source: http://www.aboutmoray.com/earn-money-with-a-social-networking-script-and-video-marketing

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'So You Think You Can Dance' Reveals Top 20 Contestants

Alexa Anderson, Cyrus 'Glitch' Spencer and Janelle Issis are among top dancers unveiled on show's 200th episode.
By Natasha Chandel

"So You Think You Can Dance" top 20 dancers
Photo:

Nine seasons in and "So You Think You Can Dance" celebrates its 200th episode by unveiling its top 20 dancers and dropping a game changer. Zooey Deschanel of "New Girl" was on deck as guest judge for the event, as 35 talented performers were narrowed to 20. Finalists completed a grueling week of Vegas auditions to take the stage for the first time and begin the real fight to become America's favorite dancers.

That's right, you read correctly: dancers. In a surprise announcement, judge Nigel Lythgoe revealed that America will have the opportunity to vote for their favorite female and their favorite male dancer, separately, culminating in two winners at the end of the dance competition series.

The fun-filled episode was much more upbeat and exciting than reveals past, primarily because of its new one-day-a-week time slot, but also because this year's cream of the crop are one of the most diverse groups ever in contention. They include an animation dancer, a robot dancer and the show's first belly dancer, among others.

Season nine is also introducing new dance styles, including the most technically difficult, ballet — two of the top 20 are professional ballet dancers.

"All of the top 20 this year are superstars," Lythgoe said as dancers performed in groups, representing their respective dance styles.

Judge Mary Murphy particularly applauded the ballroom dancers, her personal forte, saying, "I think the train just pulled up in the sizzle station!" But she let out her signature scream for the ballet group that wowed with a graceful and powerful routine.

Nothing compared to the finale dance, choreographed by former judge, "SYTYCD" favorite and overall dance guru Mia Michaels, showcasing the top 20 in full form. Choreographed to Kaskade's "Eyes," the routine had multiple levels and enticed the audience to get to know the dancers better.

Season nine's top 20 female dancers:
»Alexa Anderson
  »Amber Jackson
  »Witney Carson
   »Lindsay Arnold
   »Eliana Girard
   »Audrey Case
   »Tiffany Maher
   »Janelle Issis
   »Amelia Lowe
   »Janaya French
 

Season nine's top 20 male dancers:
»George Lawrence II
   »Will Thomas
   »Nick Bloxsom-Carter
   »Daniel Baker
   »Chehon Wespi-Tschopp
   »Dareian Kujawa
   »Matthew Kazmierczak
   »Brandon Mitchell
   »Cyrus "Glitch" Spencer
   »Cole Horibe
 

Who is your favorite top 20 dancer on "So You Think You Can Dance"? Share your comments below!

Source: http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1688614/so-you-think-you-can-dance-top-20.jhtml

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Friday, June 29, 2012

AGU journal highlights -- 29 June 2012

Public release date: 29-Jun-2012
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Contact: Kate Ramsayer
kramsayer@agu.org
202-777-7524
American Geophysical Union

The following highlights summarize research papers that have been recently published in Water Resources Research (WRR), Space Weather, Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface (JGR-F), Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres (JGR-D), Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans (JGR-C), and Geophysical Research Letters (GRL).

In this release:

1. Section of Atlantic circulation driven by transient southern Africa current
2. Prediction system to protect astronauts from solar storms
3. Streamflow changes following the 2010 Chile earthquake
4. Reanalyses find rising humidity in the Arctic
5. Local factors important for water availability
Anyone may read the scientific abstract for any already-published paper by clicking on the link provided at the end of each Highlight. You can also read the abstract by going to http://www.agu.org/pubs/search_options.shtml and inserting into the search engine the full doi (digital object identifier), e.g. 10.1029/2011WR011586. The doi is found at the end of each Highlight below.

Journalists and public information officers (PIOs) at educational or scientific institutions who are registered with AGU also may download papers cited in this release by clicking on the links below. Instructions for members of the news media, PIOs, and the public for downloading or ordering the full text of any research paper summarized below are available at http://www.agu.org/news/press/papers.shtml.

1. Section of Atlantic circulation driven by transient southern Africa current

The southward branch of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), the stretch that carries deep, cold water from the North Atlantic to the Southern Ocean, predominantly flows along the eastern shoreline of the Americas. This deep water transport, known as the Deep Western Boundary Current, hits a fork in the flow at 25 degrees South, off the coast of Brazil. Here the current splits in two with the majority continuing its southbound journey, and a smaller ribbon veering to the east. This eastbound water travels at depth across the South Atlantic, eventually passing around Africa's southern coast. In its path from Brazil to Africa the water must pass across lines of consistent vorticityessentially travelling uphill. Though researchers have known of this current for decades, little is known of what drives it.

Using an ocean circulation model fed with data recorded from 1980 to 2006, van Sebille et al. find that the eastward flow is driven by Agulhas rings, a transient feature off the South African shoreline. The Agulhas current flows southbound along Africa's eastern shore. Where the Agulhas current meets the Southern Ocean most of the warm Agulhas water retroflects and turns back into the Indian Ocean. This sharp about-face causes the Agulhas current to shed counterclockwise rotating warm water eddies. These eddies travel westward along the African coast and break down in the South Atlantic. The authors used simulated floats to track three-dimensional ocean circulation, finding that the eastward deep water current traveled directly beneath the Agulhas rings. Further, they find that the Agulhas rings actually drive the eastward flow. They note that their finding implies a transitory nature for the eastward branch of AMOC deep water transport as a break in Agulhas ring occurrence would stymie the flow.

For a related story from the Australian Research Council's Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science, see http://bit.ly/Lldiyt. And for a related video, visit http://bit.ly/KHHLFq.

Source: Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, doi:10.1029/2011JC007684, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007684

Title: Does the vorticity flux from Agulhas rings control the zonal pathway of NADW across the South Atlantic?

Authors: Erik van Sebille: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA, and Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

William E. Johns and Lisa M. Beal: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

2. Prediction system to protect astronauts from solar storms

With the impending solar maximum expected to bring heightened rates of flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), putting at risk an ever-increasing human presence in space, Oh et al. designed and assessed a prediction system to keep astronauts safe from these solar storms. During a solar flare or CME, particles from the Sun can be accelerated to very high energiesin some cases travelling near the speed of light. Protons with energies surpassing 100 megaelectron volts essentially sandblast everything in their path. Though people on Earth are protected by the planet's magnetic field and thick atmosphere, astronauts in spacecraft beyond low-Earth orbit, or people at high altitudes near the poles, can be exposed to this increased radiation. This can potentially cause radiation sickness, with symptoms such as fever and vomiting.

The authors' prediction system uses two different types of neutron detectors installed at the geographic south pole to measure the intensity of the much faster gigaelectron volt neutrons also produced during a solar storm when protons interact with the atmosphere. By combining the observations of the two detectorsone located outside, and the other housed inside, the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Stationthe authors calculated the energy spectrum of the arriving protons. They then extrapolated this spectrum to estimate the peak intensity and event-averaged flux (fluence) of the later-arriving megaelectron volt protons. The authors compared their predictions for 12 solar events against observations made by geosynchronous satellites, finding a good agreement for intensity and fluence predictions for protons with energies higher than 40 and 80 megaelectron volts, respectively. The system provides a warning time of up to 166 minutes, depending on the protons' energy, giving polar airplanes or astronauts ample time to reduce their altitude or seek out an armored area in their spacecraft.

Source: Space Weather, doi:10.1029/2012SW000795, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012SW000795

Title: South Pole neutron monitor forecasting of solar proton radiation intensity

Authors: S. Y. Oh: Department of Astronomy and Space Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea and Bartol Research Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA;

J. W. Bieber, J. Clem, P. Evenson, and R. Pyle: Bartol Research Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA;

Y. Yi: Department of Astronomy and Space Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.

Y.-K. Kim: Department of Nuclear Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.

3. Streamflow changes following the 2010 Chile earthquake

Changes in streamflow and groundwater levels are known to occur following earthquakes. But the mechanisms for the changes in streamflow are not fully understood and vary from one location to another. Mohr et al. investigated streamflow response in small upland catchments in south central Chile following the magnitude 8.8 Chilean earthquake on 27 February 2010. Streamflow initially decreased after the quake, then increased to as much as 400 percent of pre-earthquake levels. The increases peaked hours to several days following the earthquake, after which flow gradually declined, though changes were not uniform across all the catchments the authors studied.

Where did the excess water come from? Several factors suggest to the authors that extra water came from the interface between the sandy saprolite layers and the bedrock. The earthquake main shock produced enough energy that the sandy layer could have acted as a liquid. Vertical permeability may also have increased, allowing a more efficient discharge of the water from the saprolite layer, which in turn enlarged the saturated zone and thereby enhanced streamflow. In addition, the extra released water elevated the ground water table, which enhanced plant transpiration.

Source: Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface, doi:10.1029/2011JF002138, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JF002138

Title: Streamflow response in small upland catchments in the Chilean coastal range to the MW 8.8 Maule earthquake on 27 February 2010

Authors: Christian H. Mohr: Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany;

David R. Montgomery: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;

Anton Huber: Institute of Geosciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile;

Axel Bronstert: Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany;

Andrs Iroum: Institute of Forest Management, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.

4. Reanalyses find rising humidity in the Arctic

Direct, reliable observations of atmospheric conditions stretch as far back as the mid seventeenth century, with otherwise consistent records being punctuated by periodic updates in methods, practitioners, and observational equipment. To bridge these shifts in technique and technology, scientists develop reanalysis models designed to tie together diverse observations into a coherent picture of the system's evolution. But, like all models or analytical techniques, reanalysis data sets can suffer from errors or biases. Identifying how the records produced by different reanalyses vary can be a difficult practice, but determining if a cluster of models consistently produces biased results can be even more difficult.

A number of reanalyses have recently been developed to track the rapidly changing Arctic atmosphere, and Serreze et al. compared them with one another and with the observational record. The authors focused on how the reanalyses represent the change in Arctic tropospheric water vapor from 1979 to 2010. They compared three of the most recent and complex reanalyses against meteorological measurements made using radiosondes at nine sites north of 70 degrees North. They find that the reanalyses consistently overestimate low-altitude temperatures and winter humidity. It is important to note that these positive biases caused the reanalyses to miss low-altitude wintertime temperature and humidity inversions identified by the radiosondes.

A finding shared by both reanalyses and radiosonde observations, however, is of an increasing availability of precipitable water in the low-altitude Arctic, which the authors suggest is associated with increasing air-sea surface temperatures, reduced sea ice extent, and other markers consistent with the polar amplification of global warming. Increasing Arctic humidity is a troubling result, as heightening atmospheric water vapor could further drive up regional temperatures.

Source: Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, doi:10.1029/2011JD017421, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JD017421

Title: Recent changes in tropospheric water vapor over the Arctic as assessed from radiosondes and atmospheric reanalyses

Authors: Mark C. Serreze, Andrew P. Barrett, and Julienne Stroeve: National Snow and Ice Data Center, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA;

5. Local factors important for water availability

An important issue that has grabbed the attention of scientists and policy makers alike is the amount of freshwater that will be available to populations across different climate settings, especially as rain belts reorganize in response to warming temperatures over the 21st century. The amount of freshwater available on land, calculated from runoff, is a function of supply and demand, where annual rainfall determines the supply and the dryness determined by solar radiation largely controls the demand. Local factors, such as vegetation and soil types that are directly tied to regional climate, modulate the surface water supply and demand. However, there are no observations to quantify the effect of regional climate on surface water availability.

In a new study, Williams et al. investigate how such climate and vegetation factors modulate the regional surface water balance and associated freshwater supply. They incorporate new meteorological data from 167 FLUXNET sites across the globe. The researchers find that, consistent with previous studies, annual average solar radiation and rainfall control 62 percent of the surface water supply and demand. However, 13 percent of the supply and demand balance is controlled by vegetation type and other regional climatic factors.

Further, they find that in grasslands, evaporation rates are 9 percent higher than in forests in the same climate setting, contrary to common expectations. On the basis of their study, the researchers recommend that climate models investigating water availability should take into account local factors, regional climate, and even topography for more accurate prediction of future water resources.

Source: Water Resources Research, doi:10.1029/2011WR011586, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011586

Title: Climate and vegetation controls on the surface water balance: Synthesis of evapotranspiration measured across a global network of flux towers

Authors: Christopher A. Williams: Graduate School of Geography, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA;

Markus Reichstein: Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany;

Nina Buchmann: ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;

Dennis Baldocchi: Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA;

Christian Beer: Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany;

Christopher Schwalm: Graduate School of Geography, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA;

Georg Wohlfahrt: Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria;

Natalia Hasler: Graduate School of Geography, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA;

Christian Bernhofer: Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology, Technische Universitt Dresden, Dresden, Germany;

Thomas Foken: Department of Micrometeorology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany;

Dario Papale: Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forestry, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy;

Stan Schymanski: Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany;

Kevin Schaefer: National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.

6. Peat-based climate reconstructions run into murky waters?

Peatlands are globally important ecosystems that serve as archives of past environmental change. Peatlands form over thousands of years from the accumulation of decaying plants and hold water, or in some cases purely rainwater. Hence, both external processes, such as climate, and internal processes, such as the rates of peat growth and decay, control the water table in peatlands. However, throughout the previous century and particularly over the past decade, paleoclimatologists have increasingly relied on reconstructions of the water table in rain-fed peatlands to infer changes in rainfall through the Holocene period (the past ~12,000 years), ignoring the potentially important role of internal processes.

But in a new study, Swindles et al. compare paleoecological data from a peatland in England with model simulations to show that the water table in the bogs may change independently of climate. Dynamics inherent in peatland development stabilize the internal environment of the bogs. As a result, the behavior of peatlands can become partially disconnected from external climate influences such as rainfall. The authors further show that water levels in peat bogs do not respond linearly to changes in rainfall. For example, a two-fold increase in rainfall does not result in a two-fold increase in height of water table in the bogs.

On the basis of these results, the authors caution against indiscriminate use of water table reconstructions in peatlands as indicators of past changes in rainfall. The authors suggest detailed investigation of internal dynamics of peatlands; they call for more studies that combine field observations, paleoenvironmental data, and model results to understand the relative importance of both climate change and internal processes in regulating water tables in peatlands.

Source: Geophysical Research Letters, doi:10.1029/2012GL051500, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012GL051500

Title: Ecohydrological feedbacks confound peat-based climate reconstructions

Authors: Graeme T. Swindles: School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK;

Paul J. Morris: Soil Research Centre, Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading, UK;

Andy J. Baird: School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK;

Maarten Blaauw and Gill Plunkett: School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.

###

Contact:
Kate Ramsayer
Phone (direct): +1 202 777 7524
Email: kramsayer@agu.org
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AGU journal highlights -- 29 June 2012 Public release date: 29-Jun-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Kate Ramsayer
kramsayer@agu.org
202-777-7524
American Geophysical Union

The following highlights summarize research papers that have been recently published in Water Resources Research (WRR), Space Weather, Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface (JGR-F), Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres (JGR-D), Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans (JGR-C), and Geophysical Research Letters (GRL).

In this release:

1. Section of Atlantic circulation driven by transient southern Africa current
2. Prediction system to protect astronauts from solar storms
3. Streamflow changes following the 2010 Chile earthquake
4. Reanalyses find rising humidity in the Arctic
5. Local factors important for water availability
Anyone may read the scientific abstract for any already-published paper by clicking on the link provided at the end of each Highlight. You can also read the abstract by going to http://www.agu.org/pubs/search_options.shtml and inserting into the search engine the full doi (digital object identifier), e.g. 10.1029/2011WR011586. The doi is found at the end of each Highlight below.

Journalists and public information officers (PIOs) at educational or scientific institutions who are registered with AGU also may download papers cited in this release by clicking on the links below. Instructions for members of the news media, PIOs, and the public for downloading or ordering the full text of any research paper summarized below are available at http://www.agu.org/news/press/papers.shtml.

1. Section of Atlantic circulation driven by transient southern Africa current

The southward branch of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), the stretch that carries deep, cold water from the North Atlantic to the Southern Ocean, predominantly flows along the eastern shoreline of the Americas. This deep water transport, known as the Deep Western Boundary Current, hits a fork in the flow at 25 degrees South, off the coast of Brazil. Here the current splits in two with the majority continuing its southbound journey, and a smaller ribbon veering to the east. This eastbound water travels at depth across the South Atlantic, eventually passing around Africa's southern coast. In its path from Brazil to Africa the water must pass across lines of consistent vorticityessentially travelling uphill. Though researchers have known of this current for decades, little is known of what drives it.

Using an ocean circulation model fed with data recorded from 1980 to 2006, van Sebille et al. find that the eastward flow is driven by Agulhas rings, a transient feature off the South African shoreline. The Agulhas current flows southbound along Africa's eastern shore. Where the Agulhas current meets the Southern Ocean most of the warm Agulhas water retroflects and turns back into the Indian Ocean. This sharp about-face causes the Agulhas current to shed counterclockwise rotating warm water eddies. These eddies travel westward along the African coast and break down in the South Atlantic. The authors used simulated floats to track three-dimensional ocean circulation, finding that the eastward deep water current traveled directly beneath the Agulhas rings. Further, they find that the Agulhas rings actually drive the eastward flow. They note that their finding implies a transitory nature for the eastward branch of AMOC deep water transport as a break in Agulhas ring occurrence would stymie the flow.

For a related story from the Australian Research Council's Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science, see http://bit.ly/Lldiyt. And for a related video, visit http://bit.ly/KHHLFq.

Source: Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, doi:10.1029/2011JC007684, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007684

Title: Does the vorticity flux from Agulhas rings control the zonal pathway of NADW across the South Atlantic?

Authors: Erik van Sebille: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA, and Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

William E. Johns and Lisa M. Beal: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

2. Prediction system to protect astronauts from solar storms

With the impending solar maximum expected to bring heightened rates of flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), putting at risk an ever-increasing human presence in space, Oh et al. designed and assessed a prediction system to keep astronauts safe from these solar storms. During a solar flare or CME, particles from the Sun can be accelerated to very high energiesin some cases travelling near the speed of light. Protons with energies surpassing 100 megaelectron volts essentially sandblast everything in their path. Though people on Earth are protected by the planet's magnetic field and thick atmosphere, astronauts in spacecraft beyond low-Earth orbit, or people at high altitudes near the poles, can be exposed to this increased radiation. This can potentially cause radiation sickness, with symptoms such as fever and vomiting.

The authors' prediction system uses two different types of neutron detectors installed at the geographic south pole to measure the intensity of the much faster gigaelectron volt neutrons also produced during a solar storm when protons interact with the atmosphere. By combining the observations of the two detectorsone located outside, and the other housed inside, the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Stationthe authors calculated the energy spectrum of the arriving protons. They then extrapolated this spectrum to estimate the peak intensity and event-averaged flux (fluence) of the later-arriving megaelectron volt protons. The authors compared their predictions for 12 solar events against observations made by geosynchronous satellites, finding a good agreement for intensity and fluence predictions for protons with energies higher than 40 and 80 megaelectron volts, respectively. The system provides a warning time of up to 166 minutes, depending on the protons' energy, giving polar airplanes or astronauts ample time to reduce their altitude or seek out an armored area in their spacecraft.

Source: Space Weather, doi:10.1029/2012SW000795, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012SW000795

Title: South Pole neutron monitor forecasting of solar proton radiation intensity

Authors: S. Y. Oh: Department of Astronomy and Space Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea and Bartol Research Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA;

J. W. Bieber, J. Clem, P. Evenson, and R. Pyle: Bartol Research Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA;

Y. Yi: Department of Astronomy and Space Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.

Y.-K. Kim: Department of Nuclear Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.

3. Streamflow changes following the 2010 Chile earthquake

Changes in streamflow and groundwater levels are known to occur following earthquakes. But the mechanisms for the changes in streamflow are not fully understood and vary from one location to another. Mohr et al. investigated streamflow response in small upland catchments in south central Chile following the magnitude 8.8 Chilean earthquake on 27 February 2010. Streamflow initially decreased after the quake, then increased to as much as 400 percent of pre-earthquake levels. The increases peaked hours to several days following the earthquake, after which flow gradually declined, though changes were not uniform across all the catchments the authors studied.

Where did the excess water come from? Several factors suggest to the authors that extra water came from the interface between the sandy saprolite layers and the bedrock. The earthquake main shock produced enough energy that the sandy layer could have acted as a liquid. Vertical permeability may also have increased, allowing a more efficient discharge of the water from the saprolite layer, which in turn enlarged the saturated zone and thereby enhanced streamflow. In addition, the extra released water elevated the ground water table, which enhanced plant transpiration.

Source: Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface, doi:10.1029/2011JF002138, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JF002138

Title: Streamflow response in small upland catchments in the Chilean coastal range to the MW 8.8 Maule earthquake on 27 February 2010

Authors: Christian H. Mohr: Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany;

David R. Montgomery: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;

Anton Huber: Institute of Geosciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile;

Axel Bronstert: Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany;

Andrs Iroum: Institute of Forest Management, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.

4. Reanalyses find rising humidity in the Arctic

Direct, reliable observations of atmospheric conditions stretch as far back as the mid seventeenth century, with otherwise consistent records being punctuated by periodic updates in methods, practitioners, and observational equipment. To bridge these shifts in technique and technology, scientists develop reanalysis models designed to tie together diverse observations into a coherent picture of the system's evolution. But, like all models or analytical techniques, reanalysis data sets can suffer from errors or biases. Identifying how the records produced by different reanalyses vary can be a difficult practice, but determining if a cluster of models consistently produces biased results can be even more difficult.

A number of reanalyses have recently been developed to track the rapidly changing Arctic atmosphere, and Serreze et al. compared them with one another and with the observational record. The authors focused on how the reanalyses represent the change in Arctic tropospheric water vapor from 1979 to 2010. They compared three of the most recent and complex reanalyses against meteorological measurements made using radiosondes at nine sites north of 70 degrees North. They find that the reanalyses consistently overestimate low-altitude temperatures and winter humidity. It is important to note that these positive biases caused the reanalyses to miss low-altitude wintertime temperature and humidity inversions identified by the radiosondes.

A finding shared by both reanalyses and radiosonde observations, however, is of an increasing availability of precipitable water in the low-altitude Arctic, which the authors suggest is associated with increasing air-sea surface temperatures, reduced sea ice extent, and other markers consistent with the polar amplification of global warming. Increasing Arctic humidity is a troubling result, as heightening atmospheric water vapor could further drive up regional temperatures.

Source: Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, doi:10.1029/2011JD017421, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JD017421

Title: Recent changes in tropospheric water vapor over the Arctic as assessed from radiosondes and atmospheric reanalyses

Authors: Mark C. Serreze, Andrew P. Barrett, and Julienne Stroeve: National Snow and Ice Data Center, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA;

5. Local factors important for water availability

An important issue that has grabbed the attention of scientists and policy makers alike is the amount of freshwater that will be available to populations across different climate settings, especially as rain belts reorganize in response to warming temperatures over the 21st century. The amount of freshwater available on land, calculated from runoff, is a function of supply and demand, where annual rainfall determines the supply and the dryness determined by solar radiation largely controls the demand. Local factors, such as vegetation and soil types that are directly tied to regional climate, modulate the surface water supply and demand. However, there are no observations to quantify the effect of regional climate on surface water availability.

In a new study, Williams et al. investigate how such climate and vegetation factors modulate the regional surface water balance and associated freshwater supply. They incorporate new meteorological data from 167 FLUXNET sites across the globe. The researchers find that, consistent with previous studies, annual average solar radiation and rainfall control 62 percent of the surface water supply and demand. However, 13 percent of the supply and demand balance is controlled by vegetation type and other regional climatic factors.

Further, they find that in grasslands, evaporation rates are 9 percent higher than in forests in the same climate setting, contrary to common expectations. On the basis of their study, the researchers recommend that climate models investigating water availability should take into account local factors, regional climate, and even topography for more accurate prediction of future water resources.

Source: Water Resources Research, doi:10.1029/2011WR011586, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011586

Title: Climate and vegetation controls on the surface water balance: Synthesis of evapotranspiration measured across a global network of flux towers

Authors: Christopher A. Williams: Graduate School of Geography, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA;

Markus Reichstein: Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany;

Nina Buchmann: ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;

Dennis Baldocchi: Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA;

Christian Beer: Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany;

Christopher Schwalm: Graduate School of Geography, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA;

Georg Wohlfahrt: Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria;

Natalia Hasler: Graduate School of Geography, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA;

Christian Bernhofer: Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology, Technische Universitt Dresden, Dresden, Germany;

Thomas Foken: Department of Micrometeorology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany;

Dario Papale: Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forestry, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy;

Stan Schymanski: Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany;

Kevin Schaefer: National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.

6. Peat-based climate reconstructions run into murky waters?

Peatlands are globally important ecosystems that serve as archives of past environmental change. Peatlands form over thousands of years from the accumulation of decaying plants and hold water, or in some cases purely rainwater. Hence, both external processes, such as climate, and internal processes, such as the rates of peat growth and decay, control the water table in peatlands. However, throughout the previous century and particularly over the past decade, paleoclimatologists have increasingly relied on reconstructions of the water table in rain-fed peatlands to infer changes in rainfall through the Holocene period (the past ~12,000 years), ignoring the potentially important role of internal processes.

But in a new study, Swindles et al. compare paleoecological data from a peatland in England with model simulations to show that the water table in the bogs may change independently of climate. Dynamics inherent in peatland development stabilize the internal environment of the bogs. As a result, the behavior of peatlands can become partially disconnected from external climate influences such as rainfall. The authors further show that water levels in peat bogs do not respond linearly to changes in rainfall. For example, a two-fold increase in rainfall does not result in a two-fold increase in height of water table in the bogs.

On the basis of these results, the authors caution against indiscriminate use of water table reconstructions in peatlands as indicators of past changes in rainfall. The authors suggest detailed investigation of internal dynamics of peatlands; they call for more studies that combine field observations, paleoenvironmental data, and model results to understand the relative importance of both climate change and internal processes in regulating water tables in peatlands.

Source: Geophysical Research Letters, doi:10.1029/2012GL051500, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012GL051500

Title: Ecohydrological feedbacks confound peat-based climate reconstructions

Authors: Graeme T. Swindles: School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK;

Paul J. Morris: Soil Research Centre, Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading, UK;

Andy J. Baird: School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK;

Maarten Blaauw and Gill Plunkett: School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.

###

Contact:
Kate Ramsayer
Phone (direct): +1 202 777 7524
Email: kramsayer@agu.org
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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/agu-ajh062912.php
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No Credit Check Property Rentals | personal finance information

Like any other activity that will involve financial dealings and monthly amortizations, property rentals are usually hard up on the credit status of an applicant wanting to rent a property or an apartment. The credit reliability of an applicant is usually gauged not only the score but on special entries on the credit report that will denote a person?s credit worthiness and attitude towards prompt payment. It will also reflect if the applicant is currently employed, and the number of times he or she has transferred to a new address, entries on the credit report that would indicate an applicant?s past rental behavior.

However, for young people who have not generated enough credit activity for a credit report and the accompanying credit score, and individuals who have more than enough money to pay for rent and are just hampered by their wrong financial decisions in the past (since items on your credit report, especially the derogatory ones remain in there for at least seven years so even if you have already recovered from your financial debacles, the score and the report will still hound your future financial dealings for the next seven years or so), there is another option and that would be the no credit check property rentals.

There are certain steps that one should take in order to avail of these no credit check property rentals. Of course, you have to scout for houses in your price range and the location where you want to stay by reading the houses for rent section of the local dailies in the area where you want to rent a property. The classified ads would be a good place to begin.

Begin calling the houses that catch your fancy, those that fall on the category of the house and the vicinity that you like. Inquire for additional information such as the number of rooms (sometimes, landlords have other houses for rent other than those that are advertised due to space and cost constraints), the average monthly utility costs, the amenities provided for, the amount of deposit required, and the other unique aspects of the house, issues that may pose a problem in the future like for instance, are pets allowed? How about visitors? How many are allowed to love in the house? Are there any items in the house that we cannot use? et cetera.

Make a good impression on your first meeting by dressing up respectfully, using polite words and make sure that the landlord knows that you always pay your rent on time.

About the Author

Steve Hill is a full time writer with a particular interest in finance products and loans. Over the years he has written a broad range of content to help people understand and take advantage of cash advances online.

This entry was posted in personal finance information. Bookmark the permalink.

Source: http://www.mosley2010.com/archives/491

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Google?s Android Onslaught Takes on Kindle Fire and Apple?s Siri

Google reloaded Android on Wednesday with Android 4.1 Jelly Bean and a new Nexus 7 tablet that will help the company better compete with Apple and Amazon.

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University of Florida uses grant money to entice more girls to get HPV vaccine

(NaturalNews) You've no doubt heard scores of stories about how organizations, businesses, research facilities and learning institutions abuse free money, spending it on bizarre pet projects.

Add the University of Florida to that list.

The home of the Gators says it wants to use a $150,000 grant from the Society of Adolescent Health and Medicine to increase the vaccination rate of the human papillomavirus among young girls.

What is human papillomavirus? It is a virus that is responsible for a rapidly growing type of oral cancer, and is most often sexually transmitted. It is also the same virus that causes genital warts and cervical cancer.

Free to women on Medicaid and the state's equivalent for younger females, Florida KidCare, the university wants to use your tax money to vaccinate girls (nothing was said about vaccinating young men) against genital and oral complications tied to HPV. What's odd about that is that recent studies show men are three times more likely than women to develop oral HPV.

Vaccine inequalities?

"By 2020, there will be more HPV-positive oral cancers among men than cervical cancers among women in the U.S., and right now we don't even have a way to screen for them," says
Maura L. Gillison, MD, PhD, of Ohio State University, according to a study she led published recently in the Journal of the American Medical Association. But, she notes, "Our data provides evidence that oral HPV infection is predominantly sexually transmitted."

Think reckless self-gratification.

According to local media reports, the university's Dr. Stephanie Staras, assistant professor in the college's department of health outcomes and policy, who is serving as the principle investigator for the project, said it will focus on reaching young women to increase their awareness about the vaccine - the only one that has been developed to protect against cancer - and perhaps prompt more health care providers to recommend the vaccine.

Staras said the vaccination rate among the general population rate of adolescent girls in Florida is about 42 percent. The goal of the program is not to, say, teach girls how to protect themselves from getting the virus in the first place (abstinence?) but rather give them a way to continue to expose themselves to contracting HPV.

"In Florida, girls enrolled in Medicaid are about half as likely as the general population to protect themselves from cervical cancer by getting the HPV vaccine," she said. "We aim to decrease the vaccine inequalities."

But not through preventative education.

Entirely preventable

Nationally, about seven percent of adults are infected with oral HPV, the most prevalent of which is HPV-16, the same sexually transmitted strain associated with a high percentage of cervical cancers.

Government agencies, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, follow the same kind of strategy that the University of Florida wants to follow: Assume everyone's going to be sexually active and provide them with a Big Pharma solution. The CDC, for example, recommends girls and boys get a three-shot series of one of the vaccines at age 11 or 12 (before they become "sexually active").

Staras gushed about the program and can't wait to spread the word.

"It's a unique opportunity. Vaccination is rarely brought up during sick child visits. They're thinking about their twisted ankle," she told the Gainesville Sun.

Not everyone is so pleased by the program. Some health care professionals, for example, see the obvious.

Dr. Joseph Zanga, chief of pediatrics at the Medical Center in Columbus, Ga., agrees HPV vaccines can be life-saving. But he says the disease is entirely preventable - by virtue of choice.

"This is the only vaccine that protects you against something you could prevent yourself," he said. "I've had adolescents as patients who get the vaccine and think they don't need to use protection during sexual intercourse. They don't seem to get it."

Sources:

http://www.gainesville.com

http://www.everydayhealth.com

http://well.blogs.nytimes.com

Have comments on this article? Post them here:

?people have commented on this article.

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Thursday, June 28, 2012

Senate OKs online gaming bill ? The News Journal

Discover How A Great Casino Online Is A Fantastic Place To Win

For those of us who really like to have a great time, there is just nothing out there that can beat the thrill of wagering money on games of chance. However, it is important that you keep in mind the fact that if you choose to play in a casino online you are going to spend a whole lot less than if you had to pay to go to a physical casino just to have a little fun. The good news about this particular kind of gambling is that it is actually a whole lot cheaper but it is not any less fun than the old school way to wager. What has won a lot of people over is the fact that they can spend less to play more and it is a lot less hassle for them to enjoy these games, as well. When you look into it, you see this is a very budget friendly way to have the fun you want and what is also nice is that the games are very sophisticated today. For those who love roulette there are options, the same as there are for those who want to enjoy some baccarat, so you can have a blast no matter which game you prefer.

Even if you would rather not have to spend your money, you can still have fun because these sites have options that might just surprise you. That?s right, now there are a ton of different kinds of free casino games that you can try and these are certainly going to show you a great time. There is no better way to find out if these sites are going to be the right choice for you. Plus, you are going to be able to play as long as you want since you never have to actually spend anything in order to have fun.

I personally only go to this specific casino online web page when I would like to bet.

?Mail this post

Short URL: http://casinoandgamblingnews.com/?p=121279

Posted by Casino News on Jun 28 2012. Filed under Online Casino. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0. You can leave a response or trackback to this entry

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Wednesday, June 27, 2012

We are descended from bark chewers, 2 million-year-old fossil reveals (+video)

By analyzing teeth and carbon remains from isotopes from fossil specimen Australopithecus sediba, German scientists discovered early humanity chewed bark.

By Charles Choi, LiveScience Contributor,?LiveScience / June 27, 2012

The teeth of what may be humanity's immediate ancestor, Australopithecus sediba (skull from a male juvenile shown here), revealed the species likely lived off a woodland diet rather than the grasses of an open savanna.

Lee Berger

Enlarge

The immediate ancestor of the human lineage may have lived off a woodland diet of leaves, fruits and bark instead of a menu based on the open savanna as other extinct relatives of humanity did, researchers say.

Skip to next paragraph

' + google_ads[0].line2 + '
' + google_ads[0].line3 + '

'; } else if (google_ads.length > 1) { ad_unit += ''; } } document.getElementById("ad_unit").innerHTML += ad_unit; google_adnum += google_ads.length; return; } var google_adnum = 0; google_ad_client = "pub-6743622525202572"; google_ad_output = 'js'; google_max_num_ads = '1'; google_feedback = "on"; google_ad_type = "text"; google_adtest = "off"; google_image_size = '230x105'; google_skip = '0'; // --> A study published in today's issue of the journal Nature reveals that Australopithecus sediba, an ape-like creature with human features living in a region about 50 miles northwest of today's Johannesburg, exclusively consumed fruits, leaves and other forest-based foods, even though its habitat was near grassy savanna with its rich variety of savory sedges, tasty tubers and even juicy animals. Video from Johns Hopkins University.

Food was a major environmental force that shaped the human lineage ? perhaps influencing key moments such as when humans' ancestors started walking upright ? and these new findings help reveal the complex evolutionary paths these ancestors took in response to the world around them, the scientists add.

The findings are based on fossils of the extinct hominin Australopithecus sediba that were accidentally discovered in 2008 by the 9-year-old son of a scientist in the remains of a cave in South Africa. The fossils were 2 million years old.

A hominin is the lineage that includes humans and their relatives after they split from those of chimpanzees. ?Australopithecus means "southern ape" and is a group that includes the iconic fossil Lucy, while sediba means "wellspring" in the South African language Sotho. This hominin's mix of human and primitive traits has made a strong case for it being the immediate ancestor of the human lineage. [Image Gallery: Our Closest Human Ancestor]

Chimpanzees, humans' closest living relatives, prefer fruits and leaves even when grasses are abundant. By contrast, extinct species of humans and australopiths apparently preferred diets richer in grasses or grass-eating animals.

Scientists can gauge what our ancient relatives might have eaten by looking at their teeth, particularly the marks and remnants left on them by food. They also can look at the carbon isotopes making up fossils; the grasses that dominate savannas engage a kind of photosynthesis that involves both normal carbon-12 and heavier carbon-13, while trees and shrubs rely on a kind of photosynthesis that prefers carbon-12.

By analyzing two fossil specimens, researchers found that the diet of Au. sediba apparently differed substantially from those of most other extinct species of hominins studied to date.

Carbon isotopes from the remains suggest Au. sediba ate nearly completely woodland diets, comparable to forest specialists such as giraffes. In addition, tiny fragments of a diverse range of plant tissues, including bark and wood, were found in the teeth of one of the individuals.

"There is more variety in our past than we expected," said researcher Amanda Henry, a paleoanthropologist at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany. "We're seeing more variation among the diets and behaviors of early hominins than we'd previously seen."

The findings suggest "there wasn't a single, straight line from an early, primitive hominin to us," Henry told LiveScience. "Many of our ancestors and relatives branched out, tried new things and generally worked at doing what was best in their environment at that particular time."

Henry and her colleagues are now looking for remnants of food stuck in the teeth of other extinct hominins. They detailed their findings online June 27 in the journal Nature.

Follow LiveScience on Twitter @livescience. We're also on Facebook?& Google+.

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EXCLUSIVE CLIP: Kevin James in 'Here Comes the Boom'

When a failing high school faces extreme budget cuts, no one expects a slacker teacher to save the day -- and they certainly don't expect him to do so by becoming a MMA fighter.

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China first-half growth seen over 7.5 percent, but pressures remain

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Soy Intake May Not Help Reduce Breast Cancer Risk

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Tuesday, June 26, 2012

Machine Gun Kelly Reps For The Underdogs In 'Invincible' Video

'The main focus was to continue to encourage the underdog, which is what I've always been good at,' MGK tells MTV News.
By Rob Markman, with reporting by TKTKTK

Machine Gun Kelly
Photo:

Machine Gun Kelly relishes the underdog role. In 2010 he fought to catch hip-hop's attention with his Lace Up mixtape, and last year he signed with Diddy's Bad Boy Records. But still he raps as if the world is against him, and maybe it is, so in his new video for "Invincible" MGK continues to rep for the misfits.

"The main focus was to basically just continue to encourage the underdog, which is what I've always been good at," Kells told MTV News during the "Invincible" video shoot.

The video, which dropped last week on Vevo, tells a number of different stories. MGK himself stars in one storyline that sees him rushing to the hospital to be by the side of his daughter, who is sick. The scene is loosely based on his life. "It's basically a play off of real-life situations that I've been involved in," he said.

The entire video tells the stories of people from all walks of life who fight adversity. There is a couple in distress because they are unable to get pregnant; another storyline involves a young man who unfairly gets beaten down by a number of attackers. The odds are clearly not in his favor, but still he fights on.

The fact is that in the past year, MGK has racked up a considerable number of wins; still, he remains the same. Rather than let his rising star go to his head, the Cleveland spitter stays as connected to his roots as humanly possible, and his fans love him for it.

What do you think of MGK's "Invincible" video? Let us know!

Related Artists

Machine Gun Kelly

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Anderson Silva tells of plans to break Chael Sonnen?s face

Through the scads of trash talk Chael Sonnen has spewed since his last bout with Anderson Silva, the UFC middleweight champ has stayed mostly silent. Sure, he'd answer back from time to time, but for the most part, Silva let Sonnen do the heavy lifting in the trash talk department.

That ended Monday when Silva erupted during the UFC 148 media conference call.

"First of all, Chael is a criminal," Silva said through Ed Soares, his manager who often serves as his interpreter. "He's been convicted of crimes. He doesn't deserve to be inside the Octagon. And when the time comes and the time is right, I'm going to break his face and break every one of his teeth in his mouth."

Silva is referring to Sonnen's guilty plea in a mortgage fraud case that happened just months after Silva beat Sonnen with a fifth-round submission at UFC 117.

It wasn't the end of Silva's verbal beatdown of Sonnen.

"I'm going to beat Chael like he's never been beaten before. The joke is over. There's no more talking. I know he's on the line listening, and the game is over. I'm going to beat his [expletive] out of the UFC. He's never going to want to fight again after I'm done with him."

Halfway through the call, Silva disappeared. With his opponent gone, Sonnen hung up, too. UFC president Dana White ended the call, and then tweeted, "7 years in the UFC and I've never heard Anderson talk like this before!!!"

There is only one plausible reason for this Anderson to have shown up. The real Anderson has an evil twin named Andreson. Anderson turns to Andreson when he wants to avoid conference calls, and tells him to let loose. Andreson read through everything Sonnen has said about his twin brother, and let it out. Then, at UFC 148, both men will show up at the fight just to confuse Sonnen.

Or maybe, just maybe, Silva got sick of holding it. Two weeks before the fight, he's letting it out, which is an interesting sign of things to come on July 7.

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Sudan says no retreat on cuts despite protests

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